Explain Ohm’s Law and its applications. Describe the difference between microcontrollers and microprocessors. What are the types of semiconductor devices? Explain the working principle of a transistor. How does an operational amplifier (op-amp) work? What is the difference between active and passive components? Describe the function of filters in signal processing. How does Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) work? Explain I2C and SPI communication protocols. What are the benefits of using PCB over other circuits? How do you approach debugging a circuit that isn't working? Discuss the role of an oscillator in an electronic circuit. Explain the differences between analog and digital signals. What is embedded systems programming, and where is it used? Describe any electronics project you worked on, focusing on challenges and solutions.