Pros
The benefits are very good (health insurance, retirement, vacation/sick leave). Mission-driven work where you can feel that you are making a contribution to important public health/social science research. Some teams are a good group-oriented work environment. Opportunities to work with and learn from highly talented staff.
Cons
Career progression is sometimes stifled, particularly for junior level staff from minority/underrepresented groups. The organization markets itself as diverse and inclusive, but in reality, some staff (especially minorities) may feel undervalued and disrespected. The culture can be quite performative at times, smiles don't always mean they're on your side. It requires a certain level of emotional intelligence and emotional resilience to handle office politics.