Explain OOP concepts: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that revolves around the concept of "objects," which can contain data (attributes or properties) and code (methods or functions). The primary OOP concepts are: Encapsulation: Encapsulation is the bundling of data and methods that operate on that data into a single unit or class. It allows for the hiding of internal state and requires interaction with the object to occur through well-defined interfaces. Inheritance: Inheritance is a mechanism where a new class inherits properties and behaviors (methods) from an existing class. It promotes code reusability and establishes a "is-a" relationship between classes. Polymorphism: Polymorphism allows objects of different types to be treated as objects of a common superclass. It enables a single interface to represent different underlying forms or types. Abstraction: Abstraction involves simplifying complex systems by modeling classes appropriate to the problem, and working at the most relevant level of inheritance. Class and Object: A class is a blueprint for creating objects, while an object is an instance of a class. Classes define the properties and behaviors common to all objects of a certain kind. These concepts help in designing and implementing modular, maintainable, and scalable software systems.